| Cite this article as: Zhang Zhi-Qiang,Wang Ping-Ping,Lv Ya-Nan. Vortex distribution in ground state of rotating Bose-Einstein condensations in two-dimensional optical lattices [J]. J. At. Mol. Phys.(原子与分子物理学报), 2025, 42: 016001 (in Chinese) |
| Vortex distribution in ground state of rotating Bose-Einstein condensations in two-dimensional optical lattices |
| Hits 184 Download times 40 Received:March 15, 2023 Revised:April 06, 2023 |
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| DOI
10.19855/j.1000-0364.2025.016001 |
| Key Words
Bose-Einstein condensate Vortex Two-dimensional optical lattices Composite potential |
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| Abstract
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| The vortex distribution in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) trapped in a potential composed of two-dimensional optical lattice and harmonic potential is studied by using the multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient method, and the effects of the depth of the optical lattice, the lattice constant and the rotation frequency of the condensates on the vortex distribution in rotating condensates are discussed. The results show that due to the introduction of the optical lattices, vortices are generated in the condensates, and the vortices are located with the minimum value of the external potential. As the depth of the optical lattice increases, the condensates gather at the bottom of the optical lattice, forming a lattice-like distribution, in which the vortices form vortex pairs and merge to form larger vortices. When the lattice constant is small, the vortex distribution in BEC is similar to the Abrikosov vortex lattice. With the increase of the lattice constant, the distribution of vortices in the condensate becomes diversified, and a three-layer structure appears. When the rotation frequency of the condensates increases, the number of vortices in BEC increases, and the vortex distribution becomes more complex and varied. The density distribution range of the condensate also expands with the increase of the rotation frequency. When the rotation frequency of the condensate is close to the frequency of the harmonic potential, that is, when the condensate is at the lowest Landau level approximation, the number of vortices in the condensate increases dramatically, and the phenomenon of vortex combination and fusion appear, then a vortex pattern will be formed. |
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